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Past perfect Tense  Structure Subject + had   +  Past Participle / V(3) For example   1  He had lost his watch ⌚. 2. I had lived in this house for ten years. 3  They had eaten food before he arrived. 4 She had enjoyed a party . 5 The match was over. Pakistan had won. 6  I had left my wallet at home.  Negative Sentences Subject + had not+ past participle For example 1 He had not lost his watch. 2. They had not won the match. Interrogative Sentences Had + subject + past participle ? For example 1 Had he lost his watch? 2 Had they punished us? Uses Of past perfect Tense 1 It expresses an action completed before another action or time. For example 1. He had done the gardening before it started raining. 2 Anna had chosen the color for her room before She was asked to paint it back. 3 She had left for his office before I reached there. It is used for an action began before the time of speaking in the past and still in progress at that time. For exampl...

  Past Continuous Tense                                       Or Past progressive Tense Structure Subject + was /were + V(1)ing + Object The past Continuous Tense is used to denote an action going on at some time in the past. The time of the action may or may not be indicated. For example 1. My teacher was teaching in the class. 2 we were celebrating a festival. 3. As she was reading the book, Alia came. 4. She was doing her job. 5 l was washing my clothes.  Uses Of Was / were  Was  :  I ,he , she , it and Singular Were : They , we , you and plurals  Negative Sentences  Subject + was /were ( not) + V(1)+ ing Examples 1 She was not reading a book. 2   They were not playing cricket. Interrogative Sentences Was / were + subject + V (1)ing   ? 1   Was she reading a book? 2   Were they playing cricket? 

  Simple Past Tense This  tense is also called past Indefinite Tense. Structure Subject + second form of verb +Object. Or Subject + V (2) + Object  For instance 1  My sister  bought  a new car.     2  They played hockey   yesterday. 3. My friend gave me a beautiful gift. 4 we ate pizza in the bakery shop. 5 My mom brought  a   delicious Cake 🎂. Negative Sentences Subject + did not +V(1)  + Object. For instance 1  They did not play football yesterday. 2. My friend did not give me a beautiful gift. Interrogative Sentences Did they play football yesterday? Did my friend give me a beautiful gift? Uses Of Simple Past Tense It is used to indicate an action completed in the past. It often occurs with adverb or adverb phrases of past time. 1. My son left school last year. 2. My sister sent me a beautiful gift yesterday. 3. I wrote a letter last week. 4 She went to America last year. Sometimes this tense is used w...

  Present Perfect Continuous Tense   This Tense is also called Present Progressive Tense.  Structure Subject + has / have + been + V(1) + ing  Examples 1.  I have been waiting here for three hours. 2.  He has been singing in this band for two years. 3 . I have been learning English Language for three months.   4. They have been  saving money for ten years.  5  My mom has been making sweaters  since my child hood. Use of Since and For   Since is used for exact time and  for is used for period of time or amount of time  Since 1 O'CLOCK Since 2022 Since Monday Since January Since childhood Since morning   Since I left school Since 7am For two hours For three weeks For four days For five years For several months  For a long time For ever Uses Of Present Perfect Continuous Tense   The Present Perfect Continuous is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing. ...

  Present Perfect Tense Structure Subject + has / have + past participle Or   S + has / have + V(3) For instance 1   My husband    has brought      me a beautiful gold ring .  2 I have climbed on the mountain 🏔️. 3. They have played tennis 🎾. 4 Raees has helped the needy people. 5  We have planted some plants in our  garden. Negative Sentences Subject  + has/ have ( not) + past participle Examples I have not climbed on the mountain. She has not bought me any gift 🎁. Interrogative Sentences Has / have + subject + past participle?   Examples Have they played tennis 🎾? Has She bought me any gift? Use of has and have Has. :. He , she , it and singular Have : I , we , they , you and plurals  Uses Of Present Perfect Tense   It is used to indicate completed activities in the immediate past using just For instance  1 I have just completed my task. 2 They have just reached home 🏘️.   It is used ...

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE It is also called Present Progressive Tense. Structure Subject + is /am / are + V(1)+ing For instance She is watching TV. I am eating fruits. They    are going to school in the morning. James is scoring good marks in science. The bird 🐦 is flying very high in the sky.  The use of Is, Am and Are Is : He, she, it and singular Noun  Am  : I Are : We , they , you and  plurals Nouns  Negative Sentences Subject + is  / am  /are (not )+ V 1+(ing) They are making 🎂 cake for their kids. They are not making cake for their kids. Interrogative Sentences  Is , Am , Are + subject+V(1)ing    ? Are they making cake for their kids? Uses Of Present Continuous Tense 1.The present Continuous is used for an action going on at the time of speaking . For example:  They are working at the moment.   She is sleeping (now). The fire is burning. My mom is making biryani for me in the kitchen. ...

  Tense A word Tense comes from the Latin word tempus which means time. The Tense of a Verb shows the time of an action or event. Types of Tenses  There are three main  Tenses  1 Past Tense 2   Present  Tense.   3 Future Tense Present Tense A verb that refers to present time is called Present Tense. For instance 1  He reads a book. 2  The baby drinks milk. 3  I write. Past Tense A verb that refers to the Past time is called Past Tense. For instance 1  I wrote. 2 He caught a bird. 3 They ate food. Future Tense A verb that refers to future time is called future Tense. For instance 1 I shall write. 2 You will go to hospital . 3. They will play basketball.    Simple Present Tense  Formula Subject+ first form of verb + object.  Or Subject + V(1) + object  Add s / es =  He , she, and it +singular  For Negative Sentences Subject + do/does not   + V(1) + object  For Interrogative D...

  Phrase  A red box  Was reading Very tall Made of silk Under the table Definition Phrase is a group of words  which makes sense, but not complete sense is called a phrase. It  has neither subject nor verb. Examples 1  He loves to read books .  2. He is a man of wisdom .  3  The cat is under the table.  4. He has a chain of silver. 5 The sunsets  in the west. Types of Phrases Adjective Phrases Adverb Phrases Noun Phrases  Adjective  phrase An Adjective Phrase is a group of words that does the work of an adjective. Examples  1 A dog with a white skin. 2. A crown made of gold. 3 A girl with  brown eyes. 4 The flag Of Pakistan. 5  She is a girl without friend. Adverb Phrase An adverb Phrase is a group of words that does the work of an adverb. An adverb Phrase like an adverb may modify also an adjective or an adverb. Examples 1. Emma ran at a great speed .  2.He tried with all effort.  3  ...

 Interjection 1  Hi! How are you . 2. Alas! Her mother is dead. 3. Hurrah! We have won the match. Such words as Hi! ,Alas! Hurrah etc are called interjections. Definition An interjection is a word which is used to express sudden feeling or emotion. They are not grammatically related to the other words in a sentence. Interjections may express 1 Joy as, Hurrah! Huzza 2. Grief as, Alas! 3. Surprise as, ha! What! 4 Approval; as bravo!  Examples  1. Hurrah! It's time to go home. 2. Wow! That's a beautiful dress indeed. 3 Alas! He is no more. 4  Oh! You gave me shivers. 5. Bravo! Marry has won the race. Some groups of words are also used as interjections. Ah me!  For shame! Good heavens! Well done!